The Conifer Killer Tree Diseases

There are virulent diseases that attack coniferous trees which ultimately cause death or devalue a tree in the urban landscape and rural forest to the point where they need to be cut. Five of the most malignant diseases have been suggested by foresters and landowners at Abouts Forestry Forum. I have ranked these diseases according to their ability to cause aesthetic and commercial damage. Here they are: #1 - Armillaria Root Disease: The disease attacks both hardwoods and softwoods and can kill shrubs, vines, and forbs in every state in the United States. It is pervasive in North America, commercially destructive and is my pick for the worst disease.The Armillaria sp. can kill trees that are already weakened by competition, other pests, or climatic factors. The fungi also infect healthy trees, either killing them outright or predisposing them to attacks by other fungi or insects.More on Armillaria Root Disease. #2 - Diplodia Blight of Pines: This disease attacks pines and is most damaging to plantings of both exotic and native pine species in 30 Eastern and Central States. The fungus is seldom found in natural pine stands.  Diplodia pinea kills current-year shoots, major branches, and ultimately entire trees. The effects of this disease are most severe in landscape, windbreak, and park plantings. Symptoms are brown, stunted new shoots with short, brown needles.More on Diplodia Blight of Pines .​​ #3 - White Pine Blister Rust:​ The disease attacks pines with 5 needles per fascicle. That includes Eastern and Western white pine, sugar pine and limber pine. Seedlings are in greatest danger.  Cronartium ribicolais a rust fungus and can only be infected by basidiospores produced on Ribes (current and gooseberry) plants. It is native to Asia but was introduced to North America. It has invaded most white pine areas and is still making progress into the Southwest and into southern California.More on White Pine Blister Rust. #4 - Annosus Root Rot: The disease is a rot of conifers in many temperate parts of the world. The decay, called annosus root rot, often kills conifers. It occurs over much of the Eastern U.S. and is very common in the South.The fungus,Fomes annosus, usually enters by infecting freshly cut stump surfaces. That makes annosus root rot a problem in thinned pine plantations. The fungus produces conks that form at the root collar on roots of living or dead trees and on stumps or on slash. More on Annosus Root Rot. #5 - Fusiform Rust of Southern Pines: This disease causes death within five years of a trees life if a stem infection occurs. Mortality is heaviest on trees less than 10 years old. Millions of dollars are lost annually to timber growers because of the disease. The fungus Cronartium fusiforme requires an alternate host to complete its life cycle. Part of the cycle is spent in the living tissue of pine stems and branches, and the remainder in the green leaves of several species of oak. More on Fusiform Rust of Southern Pines.

Adolescent Parenthood An Issue Of Public Concern For...

Adolescent parenthood has been an issue of public concern for many years. Adolescent parenthood has been the subject of numerous articles, public health reports, and public debate. So what makes adolescent parenthood such a popular topic of discussion and a reoccurring social problem? How does an adolescent parent relate to such public issues as education, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthood and methods to improve the quality of life for adolescent parents. Although these articles share many themes and patterns, often their reason for conducting the research, methods, conclusion, and belief regarding adolescent pregnancy and parenthood differ. A literature review regarding adolescent parenthood returned a very large number of articles ranging in publication dates that spanned over four decades. One may assume that the continued interest in this topic provides many opportunities for debates among professions in various disciplines. Some of the articles reviewed for this comparative literature comparison could be perceived as argumentative; however, many shared major themes. These themes included the perception that most adolescent parents do not plan to become pregnant, the role of Social Workers and the Public Welfare System in the lives of pregnant and parenting adolescents, the role of grandparent/grandmothers in the lives of pregnant and parentingShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Parenthood : An Issue Of Public Concern For Many Years1267 Words   |  6 Pages Adolescent parenthood has been an issue of public concern for many years. Adolescent parenthood has been the subject of numerous articles, public health reports, and pub lic debate. So what makes adolescent parenthood such a popular topic of discussion and a reoccurring social problem? How does an adolescent parent relate to such public issues as education, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthoodRead MoreLiterature Review On Adolescent Parenthood889 Words   |  4 PagesAdolescent parenthood has been an issue of public concern for many years. Adolescent parenthood has been the subject of numerous articles, public health reports, and public debate. So what makes adolescent parenthood such a popular topic of discussion and a reoccurring social problem? How does an adolescent parent relate to such public issues as education, poverty, and family? Researchers conduct literature reviews and original research in an effort to find a resolution to decrease adolescent pregnancy/parenthoodRead MoreA Study On African American Family Discussio ns With Their Adolescent Children Regarding Family Planning And Contraception Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAkers, Borrero, Corbie-Smith, and Schwarz (2010) discussed the results of a study completed on African American family discussions with their adolescent children regarding family planning and contraception. The authors found this study important due to the extremely high rates of pregnancy in black adolescents, and suggests one of the solutions to this issue would be the communication between the parents are the children (Akers, Borrero, Corbie-Smith, Schwarz, 2010). The families were chosen forRead MoreThe Popularity Of Teen Pregnancy1660 Words   |  7 Pagesworldwide has become a major concern in recent years. It is viewed as a global crisis as the increasing number of teenage girls bearing children outside of marriage or before graduating high school continue to rise. There are many reasons to scale down the teen pregnancy rate, and the financial costs of teens giving birth are important. After highly dropping for almost a decade-and-a-half, United States’ teen birth rate percentages began edging skyward in recent years. Experts aren t sure whetherRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1954 Words   |  8 Pagescommunity. We know they’re succeeding as issues, such as gay marriage, are being addressed and are close to being secured. One topic that is continuously being debated, and slowly making progress, is women’s health; more specifically, abortion rights. Granted, abortion is legal in the United States since Roe vs Wade i n 1973 however, the law is constantly being targeted by conservative politicians and states. Their strategy has changed throughout the years. Instead of aiming to illegalize abortionRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy2330 Words   |  10 Pages Adolescent pregnancy is considered as a pregnancy in a female who is less than 20 years of age at the end of the pregnancy. It can occur in a fertile female either at puberty before the occurrence of her first menstrual period, or after the first period. The first menstrual period in nourished girls occurs at around 12 or 13 years of age. Pregnant teenagers experience many issues similar to other women. However, there would be other medical issues for mothers under 15 years. TeenageRead MoreTeen Pregnancy And Its Effect On Children855 Words   |  4 PagesTeen pregnancy has been an ongoing social issue in the United States for many of years. Although the rate of teen pregnancy has decreased since the 90s, the United States is still the highest among industrialized nations. The US ranks at one and a half times higher than Great Britain, three times higher than Canada, seven times higher than Denmark and Sweden, and eight times higher than Japan (Azar 1). Society considers teenage pregnancies a problem because they believe teenagers are not emotionallyRead MoreUnwanted and Unplanned Teen Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Illness1544 Words   |  7 Pagesall racial and ethnic groups, with the least being born in 2010; and in 2011 the number of babies born to adolescents aged 15-19 years of age was 329,797 (â€Å"Birt h Rates for U.S.†, 2012). Although the decline in unwanted and unplanned teen births is on the rise the United States continues to be among the highest of industrialized countries facing this problem. This is a prevailing social concern because of the health risks to these young mothers as well as their babies. Teens at higher risk of becomingRead MoreAre Parenting Classes Needed?988 Words   |  4 Pagesprevention of unwanted pregnancies and often teach CPR, which is a good skill for everyone to learn. These classes contain important lessons and information to adolescents who may not have other avenues for learning them.† A logical thing to do to improve awareness would be to offer an informative class on parenting. This will help alarm many families on how to help maintain a happy and healthy relationship throughout their household. (http://goo.gl/kjVPnz).The young adults will take lifelong lessonsRead MoreWhat Is The Rule Of Confidentiality, And How Does It Diffe r From Respecting Someone s Privacy?1448 Words   |  6 Pages What is the rule of confidentiality, and how does it differ from respecting someone’s privacy? The question that appears is Lucy is 15-year-old and she at the doctor’s office and a pregnancy test is being performed on Lucy. Lucy mom is waiting on her. Lucy is pregnant. How I will deal with this problem. I will have to my sure I understand the rule of confidentiality, and how does it differ from respecting someone’s privacy. It is most helpful to examine this question from three perspectives:

Health & Wellbeing of Indigenous Australians-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the relationship of Country to the health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians. Answer: The key aspect of improving the well- being of indigenous Australian is exploring the relationship that exists between country and well- being. A research conducted by Carson, Dunbar, Chenhall Bailie (2017) suggests that there is a positive health outcome of the indigenous people working or living in the country. Based on this understanding, it is imperative to develop an understanding of the importance of returning the land and the capacity to work or live in the country to the indigenous people. The aim of this essay is to discuss the relationship that exists between country and the well-being of the indigenous Australian. According to Burgess Whitehead (2016), there is a clear relationship between country and the well-being of this communities. Well- being is part of the complete perceptive of life. The emotional and social well- being based on the indigenous people understanding of health explains that a holistic view of health is essential in explaining the relationship that exists between country and the health of the indigenous people. Garnett Lee (2015) explains that country is one of the social determinants of health that is useful in determining its influence on well-being. Similarly, a study conducted by King, Smith Gracey (2014) found a positive association between the activities done on a country by the indigenous people as valuable to their health and their health outcome connected to mortality and mortality. The activities relate to the time spent by this person caring and protecting the country. The findings suggest that the health initiative should consider adopting the social model a s a major determinant of health for the indigenous people. Therefore, it is evident that the connection the indigenous people have towards the country is an important social determinant of their health, this is because well-being is influenced by social determinant, the inference being that the connection the indigenous people have towards the country is vital to their well-being. In conclusion, the country has a positive relationship to the health and well-being of the indigenous people. However, a number of factors like access and use of the country as preferred effect connection to the country by this people; this negatively affects their health and well-being. A range of activities is available for the indigenous people to access and use country. For instance, the indigenous people should be given the opportunity to control programs that relate to the country in order to enhance their health and well-being. Therefore, it is important for a health initiative to consider the issue of the country when evaluating the health and well-being of the indigenous people as the health and well- being of the indigenous people has a close connection to the country References Burgess Whitehead, P. J. (2016). Healthy country: healthy people? Exploring the health benefits of Indigenous natural resource management.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,29(2), 117-122. Carson, B., Dunbar, T., Chenhall, R. D., Bailie, R. (2017).Social determinants of Indigenous health. Allen Unwin. Garnett Lee, T. (2015). Healthy country, healthy people: policy implications of links between Indigenous human health and environmental condition in tropical Australia.Australian Journal of Public Administration,68(1), 53-66. King, M., Smith, A., Gracey, M. (2014). Indigenous health part 2: the underlying causes of the health gap.The Lancet,374(9683), 76-85.